{"id":2140,"date":"2020-10-20T09:35:10","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T09:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/54.255.27.20\/?page_id=2140"},"modified":"2020-12-04T08:58:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T08:58:25","slug":"%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/?lang=zh-hant","title":{"rendered":"\u91ab\u5b78\u502b\u7406\u500b\u6848\u96c6-\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u6599"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2140\" class=\"elementor elementor-2140 elementor-2118\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-424369eb header-banner elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"424369eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-725cbb1c\" data-id=\"725cbb1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467cf67f banner-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"467cf67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8cfd\u99ac\u6703\u5b89\u5be7\u980c<br>\n\u5b89\u5be7\u670d\u52d9\u57f9\u8a13\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u8a08\u5283<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5409e139 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5409e139\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fb739da\" data-id=\"7fb739da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3000df12 quick-links elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"3000df12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"menu-second-menu-container\"><ul id=\"menu-second-menu\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-126\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-126\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6666\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6666\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/academic-output\/\">Academic Output<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6671\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6671\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/\">Capacity Building Programme<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/\">Training for Doctors<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6870\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6868\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/seminars-and-lectures\/\">Seminars and Lectures<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6867\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6867\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/symposia\/\">Symposia<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6869\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/online-training\/\">Online Training<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6873\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6873\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/death-audits\/\">Death Audits<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6871\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6871\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6872\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-8279\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8279\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/webinar\/\">Webinar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/\">Training for Nurses<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6862\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6862\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/train-the-trainer-series\/\">Train-the-trainer Series<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6864\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6863\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6863\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/online-training\/\">Online Training<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6865\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6865\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6866\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/\">Training for Allied Health Professionals<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6859\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/experiential-learning-activities\/\">Experiential Learning Activities<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6858\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/talks-and-information-sessions\/\">Talks and Information Sessions<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6860\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6861\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6679\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6679\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/\">Public Education<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6771\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6771\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6791\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6791\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/advance-care-planning-workshops\/\">Advance Care Planning Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6790\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/talks-and-information-sessions\/\">Talks and Information Sessions<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6789\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6789\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/roving-exhibitions\/\">Roving Exhibitions<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6788\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6788\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6787\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6787\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-313\" class=\"hide menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/?page_id=228\">Activities<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6689\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6689\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/\">Resources<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7193\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7193\"><a href=\"#\">For Healthcare Professionals<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-healthcare-professionals-videos\/\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-healthcare-professionals-leaflet\/\">Leaflet<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7194\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7194\"><a href=\"#\">For General Public<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-general-public-videos\/\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-general-public-leaflet\/\">Leaflet<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-699\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-699\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/ethics-casebook\/\">Ethics Casebook<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1411\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1411\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/dying-matters-awareness-event\/\">Dying Matters Awareness Event<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1311\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1311\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/useful-materials\/\">Useful Materials<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-48e172b9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"48e172b9\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"Ethics\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-18c7ec87 col-intro\" data-id=\"18c7ec87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a3dfe29 elementor-align-justify btn1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3a3dfe29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/ethics-casebook\/?lang=zh-hant\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6402be2\" data-id=\"6402be2\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"col-intro2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3670f5d elementor-align-justify btn2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3670f5d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88\/?lang=zh-hant\/#Ethics\" elementor-tab-content-2642=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u500b\u6848<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d165d33\" data-id=\"6d165d33\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13c07572 elementor-align-justify btn3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"13c07572\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b3%87%e6%96%99\/?lang=zh-hant\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u6599<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1bc0cc0f\" data-id=\"1bc0cc0f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fe55106 elementor-align-justify btn4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7fe55106\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e9%86%ab%e5%ad%b8%e5%80%ab%e7%90%86%e5%80%8b%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e6%8c%89%e4%b8%bb%e9%a1%8c%e7%80%8f%e8%a6%bd\/?lang=zh-hant\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u4e3b\u984c<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b06c8e8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b06c8e8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dabfafa accordion\" data-id=\"dabfafa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b35ae94 accordion-box elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"b35ae94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1881\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1881\"><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u79d1\u53ca\u85e5\u7269\u6cbb\u7642\u5b78\u7cfb\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b1b\u5e2b\u962e\u541b\u6bd3\u91ab\u751f\u64b0\u5beb<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5c0d\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5b89\u8001\u9662\uff08RCHEs\uff09\u7684\u60a3\u75c5\u9577\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u666e\u904d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u30021,2 <span lang=\"ZH-TW\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u7dca\u6025\u5165\u9662\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7f6e\u5165\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u6700\u70ba\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u800c\u53c3\u8207\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u75c5\u4eba\u60c5\u6cc1\u30023 \u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u6191\u541e\u56a5\u529f\u80fd\u8a55\u4f30\u4f5c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u75c5\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u8aa4\u5438\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u7d66\u75c5\u4eba\u7f6e\u5165\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u4e43\u5c6c\u6070\u7576\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u95dc\u7cfb\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8a72\u6c7a\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u5c0d\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u7684\u76ca\u8655\u62b1\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u9810\u671f\u4e26\u7121\u7406\u64da\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u9019\u7121\u7591\u4ee4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u30024-7 \u7531\u65bc\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u96b1\u542b\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4e14\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\uff0c8 \u56e0\u6b64\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u8cac\u4efb\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u5e6b\u52a9\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63a1\u7528\u5faa\u5e8f\u6f38\u9032\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u70ba\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u7d66\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7f6e\u5165\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u63a2\u8a0e\u9032\u98df\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u75c5\u56e0<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5c0e\u81f4\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u9032\u98df\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u773e\u591a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u5fb9\u5e95\u8a55\u4f30\u6839\u6e90\u75c5\u56e0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u9006\u8f49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u80c3\u53e3\u4e0d\u4f73\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6291\u9b31\u3001\u7259\u9f52\u554f\u984c\u3001\u672a\u7372\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u75db\u75c7\u3001\u53e3\u4e7e\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u548c\u85e5\u7269\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u9069\u5207\u6cbb\u7642\u9006\u8f49\u3002<sup>9 <\/sup>\u5c0d\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5931\u7528\u75c7\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u75c5\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u9910\u5177\u6216\u62d2\u7d55\u5f35\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5617\u8a66\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u624b\u6293\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6539\u8b8a\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u8b8a\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u3001\u53e3\u611f\u548c\u5473\u9053\u3002<sup>8<\/sup>\u9999\u6e2f\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u7acb\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u5c08\u9580\u81b3\u98df\u8a08\u5283\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u904b\u7528\u4fdd\u5b88\u9935\u98fc\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9032\u98df\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65b7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u9810\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u8b58\u4e0d\u5230\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u70ba\u672b\u671f\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u78ba\u8a3a\u5f8c\u5e73\u5747\u58fd\u547d\u70ba4\u81f39\u5e74\u3002<sup>10, 11 <\/sup>\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7d93\u5e38\u6703\u7531\u541e\u56a5\u56f0\u96e3\u767c\u5c55\u81f3\u611f\u67d3\u5fa9\u767c\u6027\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ee3\u8868\u75c5\u4eba\u5df2\u81e8\u8fd1\u751f\u547d\u76e1\u982d\u3002<sup>12 <\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u5224\u65b7\u9810\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u6709\u7121\u76ca\u8655\uff0c\u8fa8\u8b58\u75c5\u4eba\u8655\u65bc\u75c5\u7a0b\u7684\u54ea\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u8a55\u4f30\u91cf\u8868\uff08Functional Assessment Staging Tool, FAST\uff09\u7b49\u9810\u5f8c\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u5920\u5354\u52a9\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65b7\u3002<sup>13 <\/sup>\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aee\u8a62\u8001\u4eba\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u7406\u64da\u8861\u91cf\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u76ca<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5982\u679c\u7121\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u9006\u8f49\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u4e14\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565\u4ea6\u7121\u6548\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u624d\u61c9\u8a55\u4f30\u75c5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u9069\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u90fd\u8aa4\u4ee5\u70ba\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u9084\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u537b\u986f\u793a\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<sup>14-18 <\/sup>\u4e00\u9805\u672c\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5b89\u8001\u9662\u7684\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u4e00\u5e74\u5167\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u905434%\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8a98\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u8178\u5167\u9935\u98fc\u3002<sup>2 <\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5c1a\u7121\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u80fd\u4ee4\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u611f\u67d3\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u8aa4\u5438\u53e3\u8154\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u548c\u80c3\u90e8\u53cd\u82bb\u7684\u98df\u7269\u5c0e\u81f4\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3002<sup>19, 20 <\/sup>\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u98df\u9053\u4e0b\u62ec\u7d04\u808c\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f15\u767c\u66f4\u52a0\u983b\u7e41\u7684\u80c3\u98df\u7ba1\u53cd\u6d41\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5c0e\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8aa4\u5438\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<sup>21 <\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u6a5f\u80fd\u548c\u71df\u990a\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002<sup>8, 14, 22 <\/sup>\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u4ea6\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u986f\u8457\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u8840\u3001\u9ecf\u819c\u7cdc\u721b\u3001\u5614\u5410\u3001\u8179\u7009\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u5835\u585e\u6216\u79fb\u4f4d\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u63d2\u7ba1\u3002<sup>8 <\/sup>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u9f3b\u80c3\u7ba1\u6bd4\u7d93\u76ae\u5167\u93e1\u80c3\u9020\u5ed4\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u9060\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f8c\u8005\u8212\u9069\u3002<sup>3 <\/sup>\u70ba\u9632\u6b62\u75c5\u4eba\u62d4\u7ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5c0d\u75c5\u4eba\u63a1\u53d6\u8eab\u9ad4\u7d04\u675f\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u4f46\u6703\u9020\u6210\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u60c5\u7dd2\u6fc0\u52d5\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u56e0\u9650\u5236\u75c5\u4eba\u884c\u52d5\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u58d3\u7621\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002<sup>15, 23<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\uff08careful hand feeding, CHF\uff09\u662f\u89e3\u6c7a\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u9935\u98df\u554f\u984c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<sup>24 <\/sup>\u53d7\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u7167\u9867\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u6642\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u9935\u98df\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7dca\u5bc6\u89c0\u5bdf\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u75c5\u4eba\u767c\u751f\u564e\u585e\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u7121\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u8aa4\u5438\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u5f15\u767c\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u8eab\u9ad4\u6a5f\u80fd\u60e1\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6bd4\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u5dee\u3002<sup>22, 25 <\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u8003\u616e\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8cea\u7d20\uff0c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f03\u4f73\u3002\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u8207\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u7528\u9910\u6642\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u98f2\u98df\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u6a02\u8da3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8001\u5e74\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u76ca\u8655\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ba1\u9053\u5589\u9935\u98fc\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u9577\u8005\u7684\u9032\u98df\u554f\u984c\u3002<sup>26<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5bb6\u4eba\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u5728\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u53ca\u5176\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7642\u6642\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u806f\u540c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6e05\u695a\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u75c5\u4eba\u66fe\u8a02\u7acb\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5247\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\u61c9\u4f5c\u70ba\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u512a\u5148\u9078\u9805\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u57fa\u65bc\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u4e0d\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u719f\u77e5\u81e8\u5e8a\u4e8b\u5be6\u548c\u7406\u64da\uff0c\u9084\u61c9\u8003\u616e\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<sup>27<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u71df\u990a\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u6703\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5927\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70ba\u88dc\u5145\u71df\u990a\u662f\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u64ab\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9014\u5f91\u3002<sup>28 <\/sup>\u8b93\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u81f3\u89aa\u751f\u547d\u5c07\u76e1\u3001\u7f6e\u5165\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u4e5f\u7121\u6fdf\u65bc\u4e8b\u9019\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6642\u9593\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u89c0\u5ff5\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u8046\u807d\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u70ba\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u610f\u898b\u51fa\u73fe\u5206\u6b67\u6642\u8b00\u6c42\u5171\u8b58\u3002\u53d7\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u64d4\u5fc3\u75c5\u4eba\u6703\u300c\u9913\u6b7b\u300d\u3002<sup>27 <\/sup>\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u62b1\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u660e\u767d\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u75c5\u60c5\u60e1\u5316\u611f\u5230\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u91cb\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u968e\u6bb5\u4e0d\u6703\u611f\u5230\u9951\u9913\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u5c07\u76e1\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u71df\u990a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u5c0e\u81f4\u8eab\u9ad4\u6a5f\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u81e8\u8fd1\u751f\u547d\u76e1\u982d\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u6703\u4ee4\u75c5\u4eba\u66f4\u8212\u9069\u3002<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u968a\u6210\u54e1\u548c\u7167\u9867\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ea6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u91ab\u9662\u6709\u5426\u8db3\u5920\u53d7\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u8077\u54e1\u6216\u7167\u9867\u4eba\u58eb\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u4f55\u6642\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4f4f\u6240\u7b49\u5be6\u969b\u554f\u984c\u90fd\u61c9\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u3002\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u5f8c\u767c\u751f\u8aa4\u5438\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u6f5b\u5728\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u9700\u8981\u70ba\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u81e8\u7d42\u95dc\u61f7\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u65b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u65bd\u884c\u3002<sup>27<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u5c0d\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u9032\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u71df\u990a\u53ca\u6d41\u9ad4\u9935\u990a\u61c9\u9075\u5b88\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e00\u65e6\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u8207\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u8a8d\u540c\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u9075\u7167\u6240\u5c6c\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u7acb\u91ab\u9662\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u91ab\u751f\u61c9\u8a72\u53c3\u8003\u91ab\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u9812\u4f48\u7684\u300a\u5c0d\u7dad\u6301\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u300b<sup>3<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u81e8\u8fd1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff08\u9810\u8a08\u5728\u6578\u5c0f\u6642\u6216\u6578\u65e5\u5167\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u8a02\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64a4\u53bb\u6216\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u5de5\u71df\u990a\u53ca\u6d41\u9ad4\u9935\u990a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u81e8\u8fd1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u64a4\u53bb\u6216\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5fc5\u9808\u5f97\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u3002\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u5fc5\u9808\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u540d\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8001\u4eba\u5b78\u6216\u7d13\u7de9\u6cbb\u7642\uff09\u3002\u5982\u75c5\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u541e\u56a5\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u9935\u98df\u4e0d\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u5fc5\u9808\u8aee\u8a62\u806f\u7db2\u91ab\u7642\u502b\u7406\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u60df\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u60c5\u6cc1\u7372\u8c41\u514d\uff1a1) \u75c5\u4eba\u66fe\u53e3\u982d\u5411\u5bb6\u4eba\u660e\u78ba\u8868\u793a\u6216\u5728\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\u4e2d\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff1b\u53ca2\uff09\u75c5\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u52d5\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53cd\u8907\u62d4\u6389\u9f3b\u80c3\u7ba1\uff08\u91ab\u7ba1\u5c40\u6307\u5f152015\uff09\u3002<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u70ba\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u9075\u5b88\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u4ec1\u611b\u7684\u502b\u7406\u539f\u5247\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u6c7a\u5b9a\u61c9\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u91ab\u7642\u5718\u968a\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u78ba\u4fdd\u7d9c\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u5f8c\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u548c\u76ca\u8655\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u78ba\u8a3a\u70ba\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5fc3\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u61c9\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u7ba1\u9053\u9935\u98fc\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u73fe\u75c5\u60c5\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u55aa\u5931\u884c\u70ba\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6cbf\u7528\u9810\u8a2d\u7167\u9867\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u9593\u63a5\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9810\u671f\u75c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcb\u9808\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u5165\u9662\u6642\u7684\u300c\u5371\u6025\u95dc\u982d \u300d\u4f5c\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c3\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u81f3\u89aa\u7684\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u81e8\u7d42\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5c0a\u56b4\u7684\u7167\u9867\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Luk JK, Chan FH, Pau MM, Yu C. Outreach geriatrics service to private old age homes in Hong Kong West Cluster. J Hong Kong Geriatr Soc 2002;11:5-11.<\/li><li>Luk JK, Chan WK, Ng WC, et al. Mortality and health services utilization among older people with advanced cognitive impairment living in residential care homes. Hong Kong Med J 2013;19:518-24.<\/li><li>HA guidelines on life-sustaining treatment in the terminally ill 2015. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2015.<\/li><li>Shega JW, Hougham GW, Stocking CB, Cox-Hayley D, Sachs GA. Barriers to limiting the practice of feeding tube placement in advanced dementia. J Palliat Med 2003;6:885-93<\/li><li>Carey TS, Hanson LC, Garrett JM et al. Expectations and outcomes of gastric feeding tubes. Am J Med 2006;119:527.<\/li><li>Hanson LC, Garrett JM, Lewis C et al. Physicians\u2019 expectations of benefit from tube feeding. J Palliat Med 2008;11:1130\u20131134.<\/li><li>Brett AS, Rosenberg JC. The adequacy of informed consent for placement of gastrostomy tubes. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:745\u2013748.<\/li><li>Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-70.<\/li><li>Roberson RG and Montagnini M. Geriatric failure to thrive. American Family Physician 2004;70:343-350.<\/li><li>Larson EB, Shadlen MF, Wang L et al. Survival after initial diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:501\u2013509.<\/li><li>Boustani M, Peterson CB, Hanson LC et al. Screening for dementia syndrome: A review of the evidence. Ann Intern Med, 2003;138:927\u2013937.<\/li><li>Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Eng J Med 2009;361:1529-1538.<\/li><li>The National Hospice Organization. Medical guidelines for determining prognosis in selected non-cancer diseases. Hosp J 1996;11:47-63.<\/li><li>Sampson EL, Candy B, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD007209.<\/li><li>Kuo S, Rhodes RL, Mitchell SL et al. Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009;10:264\u2013270.<\/li><li>Meier DE, Ahronheim JC, Morris J et al. High short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with advanced dementia: A lack of benefit of tube feeding. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:594\u2013599.<\/li><li>Sanders DS, Carter MJ, D\u2019Silva J et al. Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: A worse outcome in patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1472\u20131475.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Gozalo PL, Mitchell SL et al. Does feeding tube insertion and its timing improve survival? J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:1918\u20131921.<\/li><li>Finucane TE, Bynum JP. Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Lancet 1996;348:1421\u20131424.<\/li><li>Vergis EN, Brennen C, Wagener M, Muder RR. Pneumonia in long-term care: a prospective case-control study of risk factors and impact on survival. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2378-81.<\/li><li>Gomes GF, Pisani JC, Macedo ED, Campos AC. The nasogastric feeding tube as a risk factor for aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003;6:327-33.<\/li><li>Garrow D, Pride P, Moran W et al. Feeding alternatives in patients with dementia: examining the evidence. Clin Gastroentol Hepatol 2007;5:1372-1378.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Kuo SK, et al. Decision-making and outcome of feeding tube insertion: a five-state study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:881-6.<\/li><li>Hanson LC, Ersek M, Gilliam R et al. Oral feeding options for people with dementia: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:463\u2013472.<\/li><li>Hanson LC. 2013. Tube feeding versus assisted oral feeding for persons with dementia: using evidence to support decision-making. Ann Long Term Care 21(1):36-39.<\/li><li>American Geriatrics Society Ethics Committee and Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee. American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:1590-3.<\/li><li>Luk JK, Chan FH, Hui E et al. The feeding paradox in advanced dementia: a local perspective. Hong Kong Med J 2017;23:306-310.<\/li><li>Lopez RP, Amella EJ. Time travel: The lived experience of providing feeding assistance to a family member with dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs 2011;4:127\u2013134.<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1882\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1882\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" 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dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u63a1\u53d6\u751a\u9ebc\u63aa\u65bd\u6709\u52a9\u6e1b\u5c11\u665a\u671f\u7167\u9867\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u9047\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\uff1f<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u91ab\u7ba1\u5c40\u61c9\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5411\u665a\u671f\u7121\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7652\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u63a8\u5ee3\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u7167\u9867\u8a08\u5283\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u540c\u6642\u4ea6\u9700\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u63a8\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u91ab\u8b77\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u7167\u9867\u8a08\u5283\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\u300d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u5011\u8655\u7406\u6b64\u985e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5ee3\u5927\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u5247\u61c9\u63a8\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5011\u638c\u63e1\u9069\u7576\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u6e96\u5099\u4f86\u9762\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u9810\u671f\u4e4b\u5167\u6216\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u6b7b\u4ea1\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8cea\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u5f9e\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u7167\u9867\u8a08\u5283\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9810\u8a2d\u91ab\u7642\u6307\u793a\u300d\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u5c0d\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u91ab\u7642\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u793e\u6703\u652f\u63f4\u4e5f\u61c9\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u96e3\u4ee5\u9054\u6210\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u610f\u5411\u548c\u9858\u671b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u826f\u597d\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u904e\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u9ede\u7b49\u3002\u6539\u5584\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u4e0d\u61c9\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u5c08\u79d1\u7d13\u7de9\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u9084\u61c9\u5305\u62ec\u7167\u9867\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u70ba\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u8a02\u7acb\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u547d\u665a\u671f\u7167\u9867\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e26\u6309\u9700\u8981\u4f86\u4fee\u8a02\u6216\u88fd\u8a02\u76f8\u95dc\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7d42\u7a76\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5920\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u9858\u5b89\u8a73\u5730\u5ea6\u904e\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u70ba\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u73cd\u611b\u7684\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u61b6\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u5617\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>HA guidelines on life-sustaining treatment in the terminally ill 2015. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2015.<\/li><li>Substitute decision-making and advance directives in relation to medical treatment. Hong Kong: The Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong; 2006. 161.<\/li><li>Introduction of the concept of advance directives in Hong Kong consultation paper. Hong Kong: Food and Health Bureau; 2009.<\/li><li>Guidance for HA clinicians on advance directives in adults. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2010\/2014\/2016.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Nelson HL, Lynn J. Advance care planning: priorities for ethical and empirical research. Hastings Cent Rep 1994;24:S32-S36.<\/li><li>A national framework for advance care directives. Australia: Australian Health Ministers&#8217; Advisory Council; 2011. 10.<\/li><li>Tsai E. Advance care planning for paediatric patients. Paediatr Child Health. 2008;13:791-796.<\/li><li>HA Guidelines on advance care planning. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2019.<\/li><li>Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment paradigm. USA: National POLST Paradigm.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polst.org\/\">http:\/\/www.polst.org\/.<\/a><\/span>Accessed April 16, 2018.<\/li><li>Decisions relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. London: British Medical Association, Resuscitation Council (UK) and Royal College of Nursing; 2014.<\/li><li>HA guidelines on do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2014\/2016<\/li><li>Kass-Bartelmes BL, Hughes R, Rutherford MK. Advance care planning: preferences for care at end of life. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. 3.<\/li><li>Tse CY. Reflections on the development of advance directives in Hong Kong. Asian Bioethics Review 2016;8:211-223.<\/li><li>Randall F, Downie RS. End of life choices: consensus and controversy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.<\/li><li>Kass-Bartelmes BL, Hughes R, Rutherford MK. Advance care planning: preferences for care at end of life. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. 6.<\/li><li>Patrick DL, Pearlman RA, Starks HE, Cain KC, Cole WG, Uhlmann RF. Validation of preferences for life-sustaining treatment: implications for advance care planning. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:509-517.<\/li><li>Fried TR, Byers AL, Gallo WT, et al. Prospective study of health status preferences and changes in preferences over time in older adults. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:890-895.<\/li><li>Perkins HS. Controlling death: the false promise of advance directives. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:51-57.<\/li><li>Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the &#8216;planning&#8217; in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med 2010;153(4):256-261.<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff1a\u554f\u984c\u8207\u8d77\u56e0<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-1883\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-1883\"><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff1a\u554f\u984c\u8207\u8d77\u56e0<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u8cfd\u99ac\u6703\u8001\u5e74\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9673\u88d5\u9e97\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff08\u79ae\u4efb\uff09\u64b0\u5beb<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u4f55\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff1f<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u7d93\u6b77\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u4f55\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u4f46\u7919\u65bc\u5236\u5ea6\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u884c\u3002<sup>1-2<\/sup>\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u64fe\u96d6\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5de5\u4f5c\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u75b2\u52de\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u70ba\u4e00\u8ac7\u3002<sup>3-4\u00a0<\/sup>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u521d\u671f\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u60c5\u7dd2\uff0c\u6703\u5316\u70ba\u63ee\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u611f\uff0c\u4e26\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u800c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u3002<sup>2<\/sup>\u672a\u80fd\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4ee4\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u5c0d\u502b\u7406\u6311\u6230\u8b8a\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u3002<sup>4<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u4f86\u6e90<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u65bc\u8b77\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u5be6\u8b49\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5404\u985e\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u91ab\u751f\u3001\u85e5\u5291\u5e2b\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c08\u8077\u91ab\u7642\u4eba\u54e1\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u6b77\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u3002<sup>6-7\u00a0<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7bc4\u570d\u904d\u4f48\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u696d\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u3001\u5916\u79d1\u8b77\u7406\u3001\u816b\u7624\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u5152\u79d1\u8b77\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91ab\u8b77\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6025\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u3001\u91cd\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u9577\u671f\u8b77\u7406\u3002<sup>3-7<\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u5728\u91ab\u79d1\u751f\u548c\u8cc7\u6b77\u8f03\u6dfa\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u4e4b\u9593\u4e5f\u8d8a\u898b\u666e\u904d\u3002<sup>8-9<\/sup><\/p><p>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u65bc\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u9700\u8981\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7121\u6548\u91ab\u7642\uff1b\u6216\u5728\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u60a3\u8005\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u76ee\u7779\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u7167\u6599\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u624b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u8207\u4e0d\u7a31\u8077\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e0d\u9069\u7576\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u91ab\u7642\u8cc7\u6e90\uff1b\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\u5206\u5272\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5718\u968a\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<sup>6-10<\/sup>\u00a02016\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9805\u672c\u5730\u8abf\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u8b77\u58eb\u5728\u6025\u75c7\u91ab\u9662\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<sup>11<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u8a02\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u91cf\u8868\uff08MDS-R\uff09\uff0c\u900f\u904e21\u984c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u9053\u5fb7\u6311\u6230\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u554f\u5377\uff0c\u6e2c\u91cf\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<sup>5<\/sup><\/p><p>\u5982\u8868\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9805\u76ee\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8207\u665a\u671f\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7576\u8b77\u58eb\u5be6\u969b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u665a\u671f\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\u8207\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5b58\u5728\u843d\u5dee\u6642\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u4fbf\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u4ea6\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u816b\u7624\u79d1\u3001\u5916\u79d1\u548c\u6025\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u5c08\u79d1\u6216\u90e8\u9580\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8b77\u58eb\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8207\u91cd\u75c7\u76e3\u8b77\u75c5\u623f\u8b77\u58eb\u76f8\u7576\u3002\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u60e1\u5316\u7684\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u8d8a\u898b\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u5316\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u55ae\u4f4d\u61c9\u66f4\u8457\u91cd\u91cd\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u88681. \u5206\u6578\u6700\u9ad8\u76845\u500b\u4fee\u8a02\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u91cf\u8868\u9805\u76ee*\uff08N=447\uff09<\/p><table style=\"border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; margin: 0% 5%; width: 90%;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid black;\" width=\"75%\">\u983b\u7387\u5206\u6578\u6700\u9ad8\u76845\u500b\u4fee\u8a02\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u91cf\u8868\u9805\u76ee<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;\">\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u00b1\u6a19\u6e96\u5dee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u9075\u7167\u5bb6\u5c6c\u7684\u610f\u9858\u70ba\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u547d\u6cbb\u7642\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.61 \u00b1 4.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u6309\u7167\u91ab\u56d1\u57f7\u884c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.19 \u00b1 4.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7a2e\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u6703\u5ef6\u9577\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.14 \u00b1 3.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u7167\u9867\u9760\u547c\u5438\u6a5f\u7dad\u751f\u7684\u665a\u671f\u56b4\u91cd\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u64a4\u92b7\u6709\u95dc\u8b77\u7406\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7167\u6599\u4ed6\u5011\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">4.39 \u00b1 3.87<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u8207\u672a\u80fd\u52dd\u4efb\u75c5\u4eba\u8b77\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u8b77\u58eb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">4.20 \u00b1 3.65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>*\u4f7f\u75285\u500b\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684\u674e\u514b\u7279\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u91cf\u5ea6\u53d7\u8a2a\u8005\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u8b77\u7406\u6642\u6709\u591a\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u983b\u7387\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5f37\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u983b\u7387\u7bc4\u570d\u5f9e0\uff08\u5f9e\u4e0d\uff09\u52304\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u983b\u7e41\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f37\u5ea6\u5f9e0\uff08\u6c92\u6709\uff09\u52304\uff08\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u983b\u7387\u5206\u6578\u548c\u5f37\u5ea6\u5206\u6578\u76f8\u4e58\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u986f\u7136\u8207\u91ab\u7642\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3001\u8cea\u7d20\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u61a4\u6012\u3001\u7126\u8e81\u548c\u6291\u9b31\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u7dd2\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u7167\u9867\u75c5\u4eba\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u75b2\u618a\u3001\u632b\u6557\u611f\u3001\u5167\u759a\u3001\u7f9e\u6127\u3001\u7121\u529b\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8207\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9694\u95a1\u548c\u5c0d\u8b77\u7406\u75c5\u4eba\u4e0d\u805e\u4e0d\u554f\u6709\u95dc\u3002<sup>6-7<\/sup><\/p><p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u4ea6\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5982\u5fc3\u60b8\u3001\u5931\u7720\u3001\u5641\u5fc3\u3001\u75b2\u618a\u3001\u982d\u75db\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u6dda\u548c\u8178\u80c3\u4e0d\u9069\u7b49\u3002<sup>7<\/sup>\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u8207\u91cd\u75c7\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u75b2\u618a\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5f8c\u907a\u75c7\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u8b77\u7406\u4eba\u54e1\u6b20\u7f3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6eff\u8db3\u611f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5834\u6240\u58eb\u6c23\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66e0\u5de5\u3002<sup>6\u00a0<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ee4\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u64c1\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u5c65\u884c\u61c9\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u5c08\u696d\u64cd\u5b88\u3002<sup>8<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u55ce\uff1f <\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c0\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u5c40\u9650\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u7684\u96b1\u6027\u548c\u986f\u6027\u50f9\u503c\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u81e8\u5e8a\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u3002<sup>6, 12-14<\/sup>\u6700\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u6587\u737b\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8ca1\u653f\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de6\u53f3\u91ab\u7642\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u8457\u91ab\u7642\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u800c\u91ab\u7642\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5177\u5851\u9020\u91ab\u7642\u502b\u7406\u6c1b\u570d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>3, 15\u00a0<\/sup>\u70ba\u4e86\u7d13\u7de9\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u6a5f\u69cb\u5167\u63a8\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u57f9\u990a\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u9762\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u9ad4\u9a57\u4f55\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u64c1\u6709\u5805\u6301\u9053\u5fb7\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u5167\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup>11-16<\/sup>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u6c7a\u5efa\u8b70\uff1a<\/p><p><em>\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2<\/em><\/p><p>\u61c9\u5f15\u5165\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u5728\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u8a3b\u518a\u524d\u7684\u57f9\u8a13\u8ab2\u7a0b\u548c\u6301\u7e8c\u5c08\u696d\u9032\u4fee\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8b58\u3002Monrouxe\u7b49\u4eba\uff082017\uff09\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5c0d\u502b\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u57f9\u990a\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u91ab\u751f\u5e36\u9818\u7684\u5c0f\u7d44\u4e92\u52d5\u74b0\u7bc0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee4\u5b78\u751f\u7406\u89e3\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6289\u64c7\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u5011\u9762\u5c0d\u76f8\u95dc\u60c5\u5883\u6642\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup>9<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u50c5\u9760\u63d0\u5347\u61c9\u5c0d\u502b\u7406\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6e1b\u4f4e\u91ab\u7642\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u3002\u5c0d\u91ab\u8b77\u6c34\u5e73\u8981\u6c42\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u7167\u9867\u75c5\u4eba\u6642\u63a1\u53d6\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73fe\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u3002Berger\uff082014\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8abf\u89e3\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u52a9\u6539\u5584\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7dad\u6301\u60a3\u8005\u548c\u91ab\u751f\u7684\u826f\u597d\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<sup>8<\/sup><\/p><p><em>\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c64\u9762\u652f\u63f4<\/em><\/p><p>\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u6a5f\u69cb\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u8ce6\u6b0a\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u89e3\u6c7a\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u8209\u8fa6\u8de8\u5c08\u696d\u7bc4\u7587\u8ad6\u58c7\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u5c31\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b77\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u9032\u884c\u516c\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1b\u8f14\u5c0e\u8cc7\u6b77\u8f03\u6dfa\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u8655\u7406\u6240\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b77\u7406\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u5b9a\u671f\u5b89\u6392\u7c21\u5831\u6703\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u500b\u5225\u90e8\u9580\u6216\u55ae\u4f4d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6311\u6230\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u8aee\u8a62\u670d\u52d9\u3002<sup>3, 8, 15-17<\/sup>\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u958b\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u6709\u52a9\u9f13\u52f5\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u8868\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9020\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5171\u540c\u88fd\u5b9a\u5408\u9069\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u5354\u52a9\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u5171\u5275\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u8e10\u6587\u5316\u3002\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63aa\u65bd\u5916\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u502b\u7406\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u4ea6\u662f\u81e8\u7240\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u5c0b\u6c42\u8aee\u8a62\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u7bc4\u570d\u751a\u5ee3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u88fd\u5b9a\u502b\u7406\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u985e\u502b\u7406\u8aee\u8a62\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u81e8\u7240\u91ab\u8b77\u4eba\u54e1\u91d0\u6e05\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7591\u554f\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8cac\u4efb\u3002<sup>18-19<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u64fe\u662f\u91ab\u7642\u6a5f\u69cb\u65e5\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u56f0\u64fe\u4e0d\u50c5\u5371\u5bb3\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u66f4\u6703\u4ee4\u91ab\u7642\u8b77\u7406\u670d\u52d9\u8cea\u7d20\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u826f\u597d\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u80fd\u4ee4\u91ab\u7642\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u54e1\u5c0d\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\u66f4\u70ba\u654f\u611f\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91ab\u7642\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6c1b\u570d\u8207\u5c08\u696d\u91ab\u7642\u4eba\u58eb\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u6a5f\u69cb\u4ea6\u61c9\u63a1\u53d6\u7a4d\u6975\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u4e3b\u52d5\u4f5c\u51fa\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u652f\u63f4\u502b\u7406\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Jameton A. Nursing Practice: The ethical issues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prenctice Hall, 1984.<\/li><li>Jameton A. Dilemmas of moral distress: Moral responsibility and nursing practice. AWHONNS Clin Issues Perinat Women\u2019s Health Nurs. 1993;4:542-551.<\/li><li>Varcoe C, Pauly B, Webster G, Storch J. Moral distress: Tensions as springboards for action. HRC Forum. 2012;24:51-62.<\/li><li>Austin W. Moral distress and the contemporary plight of health professionals. HEC Forum. 2012;24:27-38.<\/li><li>Harmic AB, Borchers CT, Epstein EG. Development and testing of an instrument to measure moral distress in healthcare professionals. AJOB Primary Research. 2012;3:1-9.<\/li><li>Whitehead PB, Herbertson RK, Hamric AB, Epstein EG, Fisher JM. Moral distress among healthcare professionals: Report of an institution-wide survey. J Nurs Scholars. 2015;47:117-125.<\/li><li>Epstein EG, Hamric AB. Moral distress, moral residue, and the crescendo effect. J Clin Ethics. 2009;20:330-342.<\/li><li>Berger JT. Moral distress in medical education and training. J Gen Intern Med 2014;29:395-8.<\/li><li>Monrouxe L, Shaw M, Rees C. Antecedents and consequences of medical students\u2019 moral decision making during professionalism dilemmas. AMA J Ethics. 2017;19:568-77.<\/li><li>Lutzen K, Kvist BE. Moral distress: A comparative analysis of theoretical understandings and inter-related concepts. HEC Forum. 2012;24:13-25.<\/li><li>Chan HYL , Lai KF, Lau CK. Examining moral distress among nurses in Hong Kong. Presented in the C U Medical Education Conference. Hong Kong, 2017.<\/li><li>Russell AC. Moral distress in neuroscience nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis. Am Asso Neurosci Nurs. 2012;44:15-24.<\/li><li>Sporrong SK, Arnetz B, Hansson MG. Developing ethical competence in health care organizations. Nurs Ethics. 2007;14:825-837.<\/li><li>Harmic AB, Baclhall LJ. Nurse-physician perspectives on the care of dying patients in intensive care units: Collaboration, moral distress, and ethical climate. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:422-429.<\/li><li>Musto LC, Rodney PA, Vanderheide R. Toward interventions to address moral distress: Navigating structure and agency. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22:91-102.<\/li><li>Sauerland J, Marotta K, Peinemann MA, Berndt A, Robichaux C. Assessing and addressing moral distress and ethical climate. Dimen Crit Care Nurs. 2014;33:234-245.<\/li><li>Rushton CH. Cultivating moral resilience: shifting the narrative from powerlessness to possibility. Am J Nurs. 2017;117:S11-5.<\/li><li>Austin W. What Is the Role of Ethics Consultation in the Moral Habitability of Health Care Environments? AMA J Ethics. 2017;19:595-600.<\/li><li>Annas G, Grodin M. Hospital ethics committees, consultants, and courts. AMA J Ethics. 2016;18:554-<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8cfd\u99ac\u6703\u5b89\u5be7\u980c \u5b89\u5be7\u670d\u52d9\u57f9\u8a13\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u8a08\u5283 \u7c21\u4ecb \u500b\u6848 \u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u6599 \u4e3b\u984c \u70ba\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a \u70ba\u665a\u671f\u8a8d\u77e5\u969c\u7919\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9935\u98fc\u7ba1\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a \u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b78\u91ab\u5b78\u9662\u5167\u79d1\u53ca\u85e5\u7269\u6cbb\u7642\u5b78\u7cfb\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b1b\u5e2b\u962e\u541b\u6bd3\u91ab\u751f\u64b0\u5beb \u7c21\u4ecb 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