{"id":2156,"date":"2020-10-20T09:44:38","date_gmt":"2020-10-20T09:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/54.255.27.20\/?page_id=2156"},"modified":"2020-12-04T08:58:05","modified_gmt":"2020-12-04T08:58:05","slug":"%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b5%84%e6%96%99","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b5%84%e6%96%99\/?lang=zh-hans","title":{"rendered":"\u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u4e2a\u6848\u96c6-\u80cc\u666f\u8d44\u6599"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2156\" class=\"elementor elementor-2156 elementor-2118\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-424369eb header-banner elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"424369eb\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-725cbb1c\" data-id=\"725cbb1c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-467cf67f banner-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"467cf67f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u8d5b\u9a6c\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b81\u9882<br>\n\u5b89\u5b81\u670d\u52a1\u57f9\u8bad\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5409e139 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5409e139\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7fb739da\" data-id=\"7fb739da\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3000df12 quick-links elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-nav_menu\" data-id=\"3000df12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-nav_menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"menu-second-menu-container\"><ul id=\"menu-second-menu\" class=\"menu\"><li id=\"menu-item-126\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-126\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/\">Home<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6666\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6666\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/academic-output\/\">Academic Output<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6671\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6671\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/\">Capacity Building Programme<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6758\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6758\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/\">Training for Doctors<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6870\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6870\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6868\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6868\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/seminars-and-lectures\/\">Seminars and Lectures<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6867\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6867\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/symposia\/\">Symposia<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6869\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6869\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/online-training\/\">Online Training<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6873\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6873\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/death-audits\/\">Death Audits<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6871\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6871\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6872\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6872\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-8279\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8279\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-doctors\/webinar\/\">Webinar<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6757\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6757\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/\">Training for Nurses<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6862\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6862\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/train-the-trainer-series\/\">Train-the-trainer Series<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6864\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6864\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6863\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6863\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/online-training\/\">Online Training<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6865\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6865\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6866\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6866\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-nurses\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6756\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6756\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/\">Training for Allied Health Professionals<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6859\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6859\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/experiential-learning-activities\/\">Experiential Learning Activities<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6858\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6858\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/talks-and-information-sessions\/\">Talks and Information Sessions<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6860\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6860\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6861\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6861\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/capacity-building-programme\/training-for-allied-health-professionals\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6679\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6679\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/\">Public Education<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6771\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6771\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/interactive-workshops\/\">Interactive Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6791\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6791\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/advance-care-planning-workshops\/\">Advance Care Planning Workshops<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6790\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6790\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/talks-and-information-sessions\/\">Talks and Information Sessions<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6789\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6789\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/roving-exhibitions\/\">Roving Exhibitions<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6788\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6788\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/evaluation-quantitative\/\">Evaluation (Quantitative)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6787\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6787\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/public-education\/evaluation-qualitative\/\">Evaluation (Qualitative)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-313\" class=\"hide menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-313\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/?page_id=228\">Activities<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-6689\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-6689\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/\">Resources<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7193\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7193\"><a href=\"#\">For Healthcare Professionals<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6762\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6762\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-healthcare-professionals-videos\/\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6761\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6761\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-healthcare-professionals-leaflet\/\">Leaflet<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7194\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-7194\"><a href=\"#\">For General Public<\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6759\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6759\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-general-public-videos\/\">Videos<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-6760\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-6760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/resources\/for-general-public-leaflet\/\">Leaflet<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-699\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-699\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/ethics-casebook\/\">Ethics Casebook<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1411\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1411\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/dying-matters-awareness-event\/\">Dying Matters Awareness Event<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1311\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-1311\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/useful-materials\/\">Useful Materials<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f536d9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f536d9\" data-element_type=\"section\" id=\"Ethics\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-159f7e87 col-intro\" data-id=\"159f7e87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-792c5462 elementor-align-justify btn1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"792c5462\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/ethics-casebook\/?lang=zh-hans\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7497579b\" data-id=\"7497579b\" data-element_type=\"column\" id=\"col-intro2\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b4c0c48 elementor-align-justify btn2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"2b4c0c48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88\/?lang=zh-hans\/#Ethics\" elementor-tab-content-2642=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u4e2a\u6848<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-39138060\" data-id=\"39138060\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64d4dcd4 elementor-align-justify btn3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"64d4dcd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e8%83%8c%e6%99%af%e8%b5%84%e6%96%99\/?lang=zh-hans\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u80cc\u666f\u8d44\u6599<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2d5d97\" data-id=\"2d5d97\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38aaafb1 elementor-align-justify btn4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"38aaafb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"\/end-of-life-care\/%e5%8c%bb%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%a6%e7%90%86%e4%b8%aa%e6%a1%88%e9%9b%86-%e6%8c%89%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98%e6%b5%8f%e8%a7%88\/?lang=zh-hans\/#Ethics\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u4e3b\u9898<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1760188 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1760188\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-def4e23 accordion\" data-id=\"def4e23\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493a280 accordion-box elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"493a280\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7671\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7671\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7671\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7671\"><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5185\u79d1\u53ca\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bb2\u5e08\u962e\u541b\u6bd3\u533b\u751f\u64b0\u5199<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u5bf9\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u5b89\u8001\u9662\uff08RCHEs\uff09\u7684\u60a3\u75c5\u957f\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u30021,2<span lang=\"ZH-TW\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u7d27\u6025\u5165\u9662\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7f6e\u5165\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5e76\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u75c5\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u30023\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u901a\u5e38\u51ed\u541e\u54bd\u529f\u80fd\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f5c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u82e5\u75c5\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u8bef\u5438\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ed9\u75c5\u4eba\u7f6e\u5165\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u4e43\u5c5e\u6070\u5f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u5173\u7cfb\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8be5\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5bf9\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u7684\u76ca\u5904\u62b1\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u671f\u5e76\u65e0\u7406\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e0\u7591\u4ee4\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u96ea\u4e0a\u52a0\u971c\u30024-7\u7531\u4e8e\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u9690\u542b\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4e14\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u7d20\uff0c8\u56e0\u6b64\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u8d23\u4efb\u91cd\u5927\uff0c\u9700\u5e2e\u52a9\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u77e5\u60c5\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u5faa\u5e8f\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u7ed9\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7f6e\u5165\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fdb\u98df\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u75c5\u56e0<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5bfc\u81f4\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u98df\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4f17\u591a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8981\u5f7b\u5e95\u8bc4\u4f30\u6839\u6e90\u75c5\u56e0\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u80c3\u53e3\u4e0d\u4f73\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6291\u90c1\u3001\u7259\u9f7f\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u672a\u83b7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u75db\u75c7\u3001\u53e3\u5e72\u3001\u4fbf\u79d8\u548c\u836f\u7269\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u80fd\u900f\u8fc7\u9002\u5207\u6cbb\u7597\u9006\u8f6c\u3002<sup>9<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5931\u7528\u75c7\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u75c5\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u9910\u5177\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u5f20\u53e3\uff09\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u4f9b\u624b\u6293\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u53d8\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u53e3\u611f\u548c\u5473\u9053\u3002<sup>8<\/sup>\u9999\u6e2f\u67d0\u4e9b\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u4e13\u95e8\u81b3\u98df\u8ba1\u5212\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u8fd0\u7528\u4fdd\u5b88\u5582\u9972\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8fdb\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u5224\u65ad\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u4e3a\u672b\u671f\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u8bca\u540e\u5e73\u5747\u5bff\u547d\u4e3a4\u81f39\u5e74\u3002<sup>10, 11<\/sup>\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u7531\u541e\u54bd\u56f0\u96be\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u611f\u67d3\u590d\u53d1\u6027\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4ee3\u8868\u75c5\u4eba\u5df2\u4e34\u8fd1\u751f\u547d\u5c3d\u5934\u3002<sup>12<\/sup>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u8981\u5224\u65ad\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u53ca\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u6709\u65e0\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u8fa8\u8bc6\u75c5\u4eba\u5904\u4e8e\u75c5\u7a0b\u7684\u54ea\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u8bc4\u4f30\u91cf\u8868\uff08Functional Assessment Staging Tool, FAST\uff09\u7b49\u9884\u540e\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u591f\u534f\u52a9\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u4f5c\u51fa\u5224\u65ad\u3002<sup>13<\/sup>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u54a8\u8be2\u8001\u4eba\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u636e\u8861\u91cf\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u548c\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fa8\u8bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9006\u8f6c\u7684\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u4e14\u4fdd\u5b88\u7b56\u7565\u4ea6\u65e0\u6548\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u624d\u5e94\u8bc4\u4f30\u75c5\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u8fd8\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5374\u663e\u793a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002<sup>14-18<\/sup>\u4e00\u9879\u672c\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5b89\u8001\u9662\u7684\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u9ad8\u8fbe34%\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8bf1\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u80a0\u5185\u5582\u9972\u3002<sup>2<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5c1a\u65e0\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u80fd\u4ee4\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u907f\u514d\u611f\u67d3\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u4f9d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u8bef\u5438\u53e3\u8154\u5206\u6ccc\u7269\u548c\u80c3\u90e8\u53cd\u520d\u7684\u98df\u7269\u5bfc\u81f4\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3002<sup>19, 20<\/sup>\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u98df\u9053\u4e0b\u62ec\u7ea6\u808c\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u66f4\u52a0\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u80c3\u98df\u7ba1\u53cd\u6d41\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bef\u5438\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<sup>21<\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u548c\u8425\u517b\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<sup>8, 14, 22<\/sup>\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4ea6\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u663e\u8457\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u51fa\u8840\u3001\u9ecf\u819c\u7cdc\u70c2\u3001\u5455\u5410\u3001\u8179\u6cfb\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u5835\u585e\u6216\u79fb\u4f4d\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u63d2\u7ba1\u3002<sup>8<\/sup>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\uff0c\u9f3b\u80c3\u7ba1\u6bd4\u7ecf\u76ae\u5185\u955c\u80c3\u9020\u5ed4\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ca\u540e\u8005\u8212\u9002\u3002<sup>3<\/sup>\u4e3a\u9632\u6b62\u75c5\u4eba\u62d4\u7ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u8eab\u4f53\u7ea6\u675f\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u60c5\u7eea\u6fc0\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u56e0\u9650\u5236\u75c5\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u5f62\u6210\u538b\u75ae\u7684\u673a\u7387\u3002<sup>15, 23<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\uff08careful hand feeding, CHF\uff09\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u5582\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<sup>24<\/sup>\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u7167\u987e\u4eba\u58eb\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u5582\u98df\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u7d27\u5bc6\u89c2\u5bdf\u75c5\u4eba\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u75c5\u4eba\u53d1\u751f\u564e\u585e\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u65e0\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u5438\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5f15\u53d1\u5438\u5165\u6027\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u6076\u5316\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u5dee\u3002<sup>22, 25<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u7d20\uff0c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u6548\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u8f83\u4f73\u3002\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u4e0e\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u7528\u9910\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u996e\u98df\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u4e50\u8da3\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u8001\u5e74\u533b\u5b66\u4f1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca\u5904\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ba1\u9053\u5589\u5582\u9972\u6765\u5904\u7406\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u957f\u8005\u7684\u8fdb\u98df\u95ee\u9898\u3002<sup>26<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u900f\u8fc7\u5bb6\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u53ca\u5176\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8054\u540c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6e05\u695a\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u75c5\u4eba\u66fe\u8ba2\u7acb\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u5219\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u9009\u9879\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u75c5\u4eba\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u57fa\u4e8e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u4e0d\u4f46\u9700\u8981\u719f\u77e5\u4e34\u5e8a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u7406\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<sup>27<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u8425\u517b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u90fd\u4f1a\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u8425\u517b\u662f\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u5b89\u629a\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\u3002<sup>28<\/sup>\u8ba9\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u81f3\u4eb2\u751f\u547d\u5c06\u5c3d\u3001\u7f6e\u5165\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u4e5f\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\u6216\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u8046\u542c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u63f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u610f\u89c1\u51fa\u73b0\u5206\u6b67\u65f6\u8c0b\u6c42\u5171\u8bc6\u3002\u53d7\u672c\u5730\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u666e\u904d\u62c5\u5fc3\u75c5\u4eba\u4f1a\u300c\u997f\u6b7b\u300d\u3002<sup>27<\/sup>\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u62b1\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u660e\u767d\u5bb6\u4eba\u770b\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\u611f\u5230\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u6b64\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u9965\u997f\u3002\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u5c06\u5c3d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u8425\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u75be\u75c5\u5bfc\u81f4\u8eab\u4f53\u673a\u80fd\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u4e34\u8fd1\u751f\u547d\u5c3d\u5934\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u4f1a\u4ee4\u75c5\u4eba\u66f4\u8212\u9002\u3002<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u548c\u7167\u987e\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4ea6\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u533b\u9662\u6709\u5426\u8db3\u591f\u53d7\u8fc7\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u804c\u5458\u6216\u7167\u987e\u4eba\u58eb\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u4f55\u65f6\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u4f4f\u6240\u7b49\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u5e94\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u540e\u53d1\u751f\u8bef\u5438\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u6f5c\u5728\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u800c\u6709\u529b\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e34\u7ec8\u5173\u6000\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u65b9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u65bd\u884c\u3002<sup>27<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a\u5bf9\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u5de5\u8425\u517b\u53ca\u6d41\u4f53\u5582\u517b\u5e94\u9075\u5b88\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u653f\u7b56<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e00\u65e6\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u8ba4\u540c\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u7167\u6240\u5c5e\u673a\u6784\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u516c\u7acb\u533b\u9662\u7684\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u53c2\u8003\u533b\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u300a\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u751f\u547d\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u300b<sup>3<\/sup>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u4e34\u8fd1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff08\u9884\u8ba1\u5728\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u6216\u6570\u65e5\u5185\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u8ba2\u5b9a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64a4\u53bb\u6216\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u5de5\u8425\u517b\u53ca\u6d41\u4f53\u5582\u517b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u4e34\u8fd1\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u64a4\u53bb\u6216\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u3002\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u5fc5\u987b\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u540d\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8001\u4eba\u5b66\u6216\u7ebe\u7f13\u6cbb\u7597\uff09\u3002\u5982\u75c5\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u541e\u54bd\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4eba\u624b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5582\u98df\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5fc5\u987b\u54a8\u8be2\u8054\u7f51\u533b\u7597\u4f26\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u60df\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u60c5\u51b5\u83b7\u8c41\u514d\uff1a1)\u75c5\u4eba\u66fe\u53e3\u5934\u5411\u5bb6\u4eba\u660e\u786e\u8868\u793a\u6216\u5728\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u4e2d\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u62d2\u7edd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u7684\u610f\u613f\uff1b\u53ca2\uff09\u75c5\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u4e3b\u52a8\u62d2\u7edd\u4f7f\u7528\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u53cd\u590d\u62d4\u6389\u9f3b\u80c3\u7ba1\uff08\u533b\u7ba1\u5c40\u6307\u5f152015\uff09\u3002<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e94\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u4fdd\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8bca\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5fc3\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u4e27\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u671f\u75c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcb\u987b\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u5165\u9662\u65f6\u7684\u300c\u5371\u6025\u5173\u5934\u300d\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u81f3\u4eb2\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u7167\u987e\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Luk JK, Chan FH, Pau MM, Yu C. Outreach geriatrics service to private old age homes in Hong Kong West Cluster. J Hong Kong Geriatr Soc 2002;11:5-11.<\/li><li>Luk JK, Chan WK, Ng WC, et al. Mortality and health services utilization among older people with advanced cognitive impairment living in residential care homes. Hong Kong Med J 2013;19:518-24.<\/li><li>HA guidelines on life-sustaining treatment in the terminally ill 2015. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2015.<\/li><li>Shega JW, Hougham GW, Stocking CB, Cox-Hayley D, Sachs GA. Barriers to limiting the practice of feeding tube placement in advanced dementia. J Palliat Med 2003;6:885-93<\/li><li>Carey TS, Hanson LC, Garrett JM et al. Expectations and outcomes of gastric feeding tubes. Am J Med 2006;119:527.<\/li><li>Hanson LC, Garrett JM, Lewis C et al. Physicians\u2019 expectations of benefit from tube feeding. J Palliat Med 2008;11:1130\u20131134.<\/li><li>Brett AS, Rosenberg JC. The adequacy of informed consent for placement of gastrostomy tubes. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:745\u2013748.<\/li><li>Finucane TE, Christmas C, Travis K. Tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 1999;282:1365-70.<\/li><li>Roberson RG and Montagnini M. Geriatric failure to thrive. American Family Physician 2004;70:343-350.<\/li><li>Larson EB, Shadlen MF, Wang L et al. Survival after initial diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:501\u2013509.<\/li><li>Boustani M, Peterson CB, Hanson LC et al. Screening for dementia syndrome: A review of the evidence. Ann Intern Med, 2003;138:927\u2013937.<\/li><li>Mitchell SL, Teno JM, Kiely DK et al. The clinical course of advanced dementia. N Eng J Med 2009;361:1529-1538.<\/li><li>The National Hospice Organization. Medical guidelines for determining prognosis in selected non-cancer diseases. Hosp J 1996;11:47-63.<\/li><li>Sampson EL, Candy B, Jones L. Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD007209.<\/li><li>Kuo S, Rhodes RL, Mitchell SL et al. Natural history of feeding-tube use in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2009;10:264\u2013270.<\/li><li>Meier DE, Ahronheim JC, Morris J et al. High short-term mortality in hospitalized patients with advanced dementia: A lack of benefit of tube feeding. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:594\u2013599.<\/li><li>Sanders DS, Carter MJ, D\u2019Silva J et al. Survival analysis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding: A worse outcome in patients with dementia. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:1472\u20131475.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Gozalo PL, Mitchell SL et al. Does feeding tube insertion and its timing improve survival? J Am Geriatr Soc 2012;60:1918\u20131921.<\/li><li>Finucane TE, Bynum JP. Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia. Lancet 1996;348:1421\u20131424.<\/li><li>Vergis EN, Brennen C, Wagener M, Muder RR. Pneumonia in long-term care: a prospective case-control study of risk factors and impact on survival. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:2378-81.<\/li><li>Gomes GF, Pisani JC, Macedo ED, Campos AC. The nasogastric feeding tube as a risk factor for aspiration and aspiration pneumonia. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003;6:327-33.<\/li><li>Garrow D, Pride P, Moran W et al. Feeding alternatives in patients with dementia: examining the evidence. Clin Gastroentol Hepatol 2007;5:1372-1378.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Mitchell SL, Kuo SK, et al. Decision-making and outcome of feeding tube insertion: a five-state study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:881-6.<\/li><li>Hanson LC, Ersek M, Gilliam R et al. Oral feeding options for people with dementia: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:463\u2013472.<\/li><li>Hanson LC. 2013. Tube feeding versus assisted oral feeding for persons with dementia: using evidence to support decision-making. Ann Long Term Care 21(1):36-39.<\/li><li>American Geriatrics Society Ethics Committee and Clinical Practice and Models of Care Committee. American Geriatrics Society feeding tubes in advanced dementia position statement. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014;62:1590-3.<\/li><li>Luk JK, Chan FH, Hui E et al. The feeding paradox in advanced dementia: a local perspective. Hong Kong Med J 2017;23:306-310.<\/li><li>Lopez RP, Amella EJ. Time travel: The lived experience of providing feeding assistance to a family member with dementia. Res Gerontol Nurs 2011;4:127\u2013134.<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7672\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7672\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u300d\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7672\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7672\"><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u53ca\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u300d\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u533b\u9662\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\u4e34\u5e8a\u4f26\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d(2005\u81f32017\u5e74)\u8c22\u4fca\u4ec1\u533b\u751f\u64b0\u5199<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/p><p 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dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u91c7\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u63aa\u65bd\u6709\u52a9\u51cf\u5c11\u665a\u671f\u7167\u987e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u9047\u5230\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1f<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u533b\u7ba1\u5c40\u5e94\u7ee7\u7eed\u5411\u665a\u671f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6cbb\u6108\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u63a8\u5e7f\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u300d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u9700\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u63a8\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u533b\u62a4\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u5173\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u300d\u7684\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u6b64\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5927\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u63a8\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4eec\u638c\u63e1\u9002\u5f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u51c6\u5907\u6765\u9762\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u9884\u671f\u4e4b\u5185\u6216\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u8981\u63d0\u5347\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8d28\u7d20\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u53ea\u4ece\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9884\u8bbe\u533b\u7597\u6307\u793a\u300d\u7740\u624b\uff0c\u5bf9\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u533b\u7597\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u63f4\u4e5f\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u96be\u4ee5\u8fbe\u6210\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u610f\u5411\u548c\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u826f\u597d\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fc7\u8eab\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u7b49\u3002\u6539\u5584\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e13\u79d1\u7ebe\u7f13\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u8fd8\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u7167\u987e\u672b\u671f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u8ba2\u7acb\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u547d\u665a\u671f\u7167\u987e\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u6309\u9700\u8981\u6765\u4fee\u8ba2\u6216\u5236\u8ba2\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7ec8\u7a76\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u591f\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5b89\u8be6\u5730\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u6700\u540e\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u73cd\u7231\u7684\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u7f8e\u597d\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ea6\u672a\u5c1d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>HA guidelines on life-sustaining treatment in the terminally ill 2015. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2015.<\/li><li>Substitute decision-making and advance directives in relation to medical treatment. Hong Kong: The Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong; 2006. 161.<\/li><li>Introduction of the concept of advance directives in Hong Kong consultation paper. Hong Kong: Food and Health Bureau; 2009.<\/li><li>Guidance for HA clinicians on advance directives in adults. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2010\/2014\/2016.<\/li><li>Teno JM, Nelson HL, Lynn J. Advance care planning: priorities for ethical and empirical research. Hastings Cent Rep 1994;24:S32-S36.<\/li><li>A national framework for advance care directives. Australia: Australian Health Ministers&#8217; Advisory Council; 2011. 10.<\/li><li>Tsai E. Advance care planning for paediatric patients. Paediatr Child Health. 2008;13:791-796.<\/li><li>HA Guidelines on advance care planning. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2019.<\/li><li>Physician orders for life-sustaining treatment paradigm. USA: National POLST Paradigm.\u00a0<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/www.polst.org\/\">http:\/\/www.polst.org\/.<\/a><\/span>Accessed April 16, 2018.<\/li><li>Decisions relating to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. London: British Medical Association, Resuscitation Council (UK) and Royal College of Nursing; 2014.<\/li><li>HA guidelines on do-not-attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Hong Kong: Hospital Authority; 2014\/2016<\/li><li>Kass-Bartelmes BL, Hughes R, Rutherford MK. Advance care planning: preferences for care at end of life. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. 3.<\/li><li>Tse CY. Reflections on the development of advance directives in Hong Kong. Asian Bioethics Review 2016;8:211-223.<\/li><li>Randall F, Downie RS. End of life choices: consensus and controversy. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010.<\/li><li>Kass-Bartelmes BL, Hughes R, Rutherford MK. Advance care planning: preferences for care at end of life. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2003. 6.<\/li><li>Patrick DL, Pearlman RA, Starks HE, Cain KC, Cole WG, Uhlmann RF. Validation of preferences for life-sustaining treatment: implications for advance care planning. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:509-517.<\/li><li>Fried TR, Byers AL, Gallo WT, et al. Prospective study of health status preferences and changes in preferences over time in older adults. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:890-895.<\/li><li>Perkins HS. Controlling death: the false promise of advance directives. Ann Intern Med 2007;147:51-57.<\/li><li>Sudore RL, Fried TR. Redefining the &#8216;planning&#8217; in advance care planning: preparing for end-of-life decision making. Ann Intern Med 2010;153(4):256-261.<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7673\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7673\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fas fa-arrow-circle-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8d77\u56e0<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7673\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7673\"><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff1a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u8d77\u56e0<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u8d5b\u9a6c\u4f1a\u8001\u5e74\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9648\u88d5\u4e3d\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff08\u793c\u4efb\uff09\u64b0\u5199<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u4f55\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff1f<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4f55\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u788d\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u5c40\u9650\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ed8\u8bf8\u5b9e\u884c\u3002<sup>1-2<\/sup>\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u6270\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u538b\u529b\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u75b2\u52b3\u4e00\u540c\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\u3002<sup>3-4\u00a0<\/sup>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u521d\u671f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4f1a\u5316\u4e3a\u6325\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53bb\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u7d2f\u79ef\u3002<sup>2<\/sup>\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ee4\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u6311\u6218\u53d8\u5f97\u9ebb\u6728\u3002<sup>4<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6e90\u4e8e\u62a4\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u5b9e\u8bc1\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5404\u7c7b\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u533b\u751f\u3001\u836f\u5242\u5e08\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u804c\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5386\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u3002<sup>6-7\u00a0<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8303\u56f4\u904d\u5e03\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5982\u91cd\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u5916\u79d1\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u80bf\u7624\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u513f\u79d1\u62a4\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u533b\u62a4\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u6025\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u3001\u91cd\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u548c\u957f\u671f\u62a4\u7406\u3002<sup>3-7<\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u5728\u533b\u79d1\u751f\u548c\u8d44\u5386\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u8d8a\u89c1\u666e\u904d\u3002<sup>8-9<\/sup><\/p><p>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4e3b\u8981\u6e90\u4e8e\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u5411\u60a3\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u6548\u533b\u7597\uff1b\u6216\u5728\u660e\u77e5\u9053\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u60a3\u8005\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u4e0b\u4ecd\u7136\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u76ee\u7779\u75c5\u4eba\u672a\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u826f\u597d\u7167\u6599\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u624b\u4e0d\u8db3\uff1b\u4e0e\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u4f5c\uff1b\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u533b\u7597\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5206\u5272\u53ca\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<sup>6-10<\/sup>\u00a02016\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u672c\u5730\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9999\u6e2f\u62a4\u58eb\u5728\u6025\u75c7\u533b\u9662\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<sup>11<\/sup>\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u91cf\u8868\uff08MDS-R\uff09\uff0c\u900f\u8fc721\u9898\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0d\u540c\u9053\u5fb7\u6311\u6218\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u95ee\u5377\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<sup>5<\/sup><\/p><p>\u5982\u8868\u4e00\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5f97\u5206\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u665a\u671f\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f53\u62a4\u58eb\u5b9e\u9645\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u665a\u671f\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5b58\u5728\u843d\u5dee\u65f6\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4fbf\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u4ea6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u80bf\u7624\u79d1\u3001\u5916\u79d1\u548c\u6025\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u4e13\u79d1\u6216\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u91cd\u75c7\u76d1\u62a4\u75c5\u623f\u62a4\u58eb\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u6076\u5316\u7684\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u8d8a\u89c1\u666e\u53ca\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5404\u5355\u4f4d\u5e94\u66f4\u7740\u91cd\u91cd\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p><p>\u88681. \u5206\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u76845\u4e2a\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u91cf\u8868\u9879\u76ee*\uff08N=447\uff09<\/p><table style=\"border-top: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black; margin: 0% 5%; width: 90%;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"border-bottom: 1px solid black;\" width=\"75%\">\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6570\u6700\u9ad8\u76845\u4e2a\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u91cf\u8868\u9879\u76ee<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center; border-bottom: 1px solid black;\">\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u00b1\u6807\u51c6\u5dee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u9075\u7167\u5bb6\u5c5e\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4e3a\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.61 \u00b1 4.00<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u6309\u7167\u533b\u5631\u6267\u884c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.19 \u00b1 4.05<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u7ef4\u6301\u751f\u547d\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u4f1a\u5ef6\u957f\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">5.14 \u00b1 3.88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u7167\u987e\u9760\u547c\u5438\u673a\u7ef4\u751f\u7684\u665a\u671f\u4e25\u91cd\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u64a4\u9500\u6709\u5173\u62a4\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u7167\u6599\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">4.39 \u00b1 3.87<\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"75%\">\u4e0e\u672a\u80fd\u80dc\u4efb\u75c5\u4eba\u62a4\u7406\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u62a4\u58eb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/td><td style=\"text-align: center;\">4.20 \u00b1 3.65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><span class=\"\">*\u4f7f\u75285\u4e2a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u674e\u514b\u7279\u91cf\u8868\uff0c\u91cf\u5ea6\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u62a4\u7406\u65f6\u6709\u591a\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u9891\u7387\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u9891\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\uff08\u4ece\u4e0d\uff09\u52304\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u9891\u7e41\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4ece0\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\uff09\u52304\uff08\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09\u3002<span class=\"\">\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6570\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6570\u76f8\u4e58\u3002<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u663e\u7136\u4e0e\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6210\u672c\u3001\u8d28\u7d20\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6124\u6012\u3001\u7126\u8e81\u548c\u6291\u90c1\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u7eea\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u7167\u987e\u75c5\u4eba\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u75b2\u60eb\u3001\u632b\u8d25\u611f\u3001\u5185\u759a\u3001\u7f9e\u6127\u3001\u65e0\u529b\u611f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e0e\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9694\u9602\u548c\u5bf9\u62a4\u7406\u75c5\u4eba\u4e0d\u95fb\u4e0d\u95ee\u6709\u5173\u3002<sup>6-7<\/sup><\/p><p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u5982\u5fc3\u60b8\u3001\u5931\u7720\u3001\u6076\u5fc3\u3001\u75b2\u60eb\u3001\u5934\u75db\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u6cea\u548c\u80a0\u80c3\u4e0d\u9002\u7b49\u3002<sup>7<\/sup>\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4e0e\u91cd\u75c7\u62a4\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u75b2\u60eb\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u540e\u9057\u75c7\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u62a4\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u6b20\u7f3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u58eb\u6c14\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65f7\u5de5\u3002<sup>6\u00a0<\/sup>\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4ee4\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u62e5\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u6279\u5224\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u5c65\u884c\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u6b20\u7f3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u64cd\u5b88\u3002<sup>8<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u5417\uff1f <\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u66f4\u5b8f\u89c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u5c40\u9650\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u800c\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u7684\u9690\u6027\u548c\u663e\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u4e34\u5e8a\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<sup>6, 12-14<\/sup>\u6700\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4ea6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de6\u53f3\u533b\u7597\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u533b\u7597\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u800c\u533b\u7597\u73af\u5883\u91cc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5177\u5851\u9020\u533b\u7597\u4f26\u7406\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><sup>3, 15\u00a0<\/sup>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ebe\u7f13\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5728\u533b\u7597\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u673a\u6784\u5185\u63a8\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u9762\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f55\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u62e5\u6709\u575a\u6301\u9053\u5fb7\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u5185\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup>11-16<\/sup>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p><p><em>\u4f26\u7406\u6559\u80b2<\/em><\/p><p>\u5e94\u5f15\u5165\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u5728\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u6ce8\u518c\u524d\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u6301\u7eed\u4e13\u4e1a\u8fdb\u4fee\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3002Monrouxe\u7b49\u4eba\uff082017\uff09\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u56f0\u5883\u65f6\uff0c\u57f9\u517b\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u51b3\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u533b\u751f\u5e26\u9886\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e92\u52a8\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee4\u5b66\u751f\u7406\u89e3\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6289\u62e9\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u4ed6\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u60c5\u5883\u65f6\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup>9<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ec5\u9760\u63d0\u5347\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f26\u7406\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u51cf\u4f4e\u533b\u7597\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u5bf9\u533b\u62a4\u6c34\u5e73\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u7167\u987e\u75c5\u4eba\u65f6\u91c7\u53d6\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u3002Berger\uff082014\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8c03\u89e3\u548c\u6c9f\u901a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u52a9\u6539\u5584\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5904\u7406\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u60a3\u8005\u548c\u533b\u751f\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<sup>8<\/sup><\/p><p><em>\u673a\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u652f\u63f4<\/em><\/p><p>\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u673a\u6784\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u8d4b\u6743\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e3e\u529e\u8de8\u4e13\u4e1a\u8303\u7574\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5c31\u4e34\u5e8a\u62a4\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u9650\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1b\u8f85\u5bfc\u8d44\u5386\u8f83\u6d45\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u6240\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e34\u5e8a\u62a4\u7406\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u77db\u76fe\uff1b\u5b9a\u671f\u5b89\u6392\u7b80\u62a5\u4f1a\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u4e2a\u522b\u90e8\u95e8\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\u3002<sup>3, 8, 15-17<\/sup>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u5f00\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u6709\u52a9\u9f13\u52b1\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u8868\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u9020\u6210\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5171\u540c\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u534f\u52a9\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5171\u521b\u9053\u5fb7\u5b9e\u8df5\u6587\u5316\u3002\u9664\u4e0a\u8ff0\u63aa\u65bd\u5916\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u4f26\u7406\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ea6\u662f\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5bfb\u6c42\u54a8\u8be2\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u8d1f\u8d23\u8303\u56f4\u751a\u5e7f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5236\u5b9a\u4f26\u7406\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7c7b\u4f26\u7406\u54a8\u8be2\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e34\u5e8a\u533b\u62a4\u4eba\u5458\u5398\u6e05\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<sup>18-19<\/sup><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\">\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u6270\u662f\u533b\u7597\u673a\u6784\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u6270\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5371\u5bb3\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u66f4\u4f1a\u4ee4\u533b\u7597\u62a4\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u8d28\u7d20\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u826f\u597d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u4f26\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u80fd\u4ee4\u533b\u7597\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u66f4\u4e3a\u654f\u611f\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u533b\u7597\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u6c1b\u56f4\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u533b\u7597\u4eba\u58eb\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6545\u6b64\u673a\u6784\u4ea6\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u79ef\u6781\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u4e3b\u52a8\u4f5c\u51fa\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u652f\u63f4\u4f26\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/p><ol><li>Jameton A. Nursing Practice: The ethical issues. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prenctice Hall, 1984.<\/li><li>Jameton A. Dilemmas of moral distress: Moral responsibility and nursing practice. AWHONNS Clin Issues Perinat Women\u2019s Health Nurs. 1993;4:542-551.<\/li><li>Varcoe C, Pauly B, Webster G, Storch J. Moral distress: Tensions as springboards for action. HRC Forum. 2012;24:51-62.<\/li><li>Austin W. Moral distress and the contemporary plight of health professionals. HEC Forum. 2012;24:27-38.<\/li><li>Harmic AB, Borchers CT, Epstein EG. Development and testing of an instrument to measure moral distress in healthcare professionals. AJOB Primary Research. 2012;3:1-9.<\/li><li>Whitehead PB, Herbertson RK, Hamric AB, Epstein EG, Fisher JM. Moral distress among healthcare professionals: Report of an institution-wide survey. J Nurs Scholars. 2015;47:117-125.<\/li><li>Epstein EG, Hamric AB. Moral distress, moral residue, and the crescendo effect. J Clin Ethics. 2009;20:330-342.<\/li><li>Berger JT. Moral distress in medical education and training. J Gen Intern Med 2014;29:395-8.<\/li><li>Monrouxe L, Shaw M, Rees C. Antecedents and consequences of medical students\u2019 moral decision making during professionalism dilemmas. AMA J Ethics. 2017;19:568-77.<\/li><li>Lutzen K, Kvist BE. Moral distress: A comparative analysis of theoretical understandings and inter-related concepts. HEC Forum. 2012;24:13-25.<\/li><li>Chan HYL , Lai KF, Lau CK. Examining moral distress among nurses in Hong Kong. Presented in the C U Medical Education Conference. Hong Kong, 2017.<\/li><li>Russell AC. Moral distress in neuroscience nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis. Am Asso Neurosci Nurs. 2012;44:15-24.<\/li><li>Sporrong SK, Arnetz B, Hansson MG. Developing ethical competence in health care organizations. Nurs Ethics. 2007;14:825-837.<\/li><li>Harmic AB, Baclhall LJ. Nurse-physician perspectives on the care of dying patients in intensive care units: Collaboration, moral distress, and ethical climate. Crit Care Med. 2007;35:422-429.<\/li><li>Musto LC, Rodney PA, Vanderheide R. Toward interventions to address moral distress: Navigating structure and agency. Nurs Ethics. 2015;22:91-102.<\/li><li>Sauerland J, Marotta K, Peinemann MA, Berndt A, Robichaux C. Assessing and addressing moral distress and ethical climate. Dimen Crit Care Nurs. 2014;33:234-245.<\/li><li>Rushton CH. Cultivating moral resilience: shifting the narrative from powerlessness to possibility. Am J Nurs. 2017;117:S11-5.<\/li><li>Austin W. What Is the Role of Ethics Consultation in the Moral Habitability of Health Care Environments? AMA J Ethics. 2017;19:595-600.<\/li><li>Annas G, Grodin M. Hospital ethics committees, consultants, and courts. AMA J Ethics. 2016;18:554-<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8d5b\u9a6c\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b81\u9882 \u5b89\u5b81\u670d\u52a1\u57f9\u8bad\u53ca\u6559\u80b2\u8ba1\u5212 \u7b80\u4ecb \u4e2a\u6848 \u80cc\u666f\u8d44\u6599 \u4e3b\u9898 \u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a \u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a \u9999\u6e2f\u4e2d\u6587\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5185\u79d1\u53ca\u836f\u7269\u6cbb\u7597\u5b66\u7cfb\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bb2\u5e08\u962e\u541b\u6bd3\u533b\u751f\u64b0\u5199 \u7b80\u4ecb 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\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e94\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u4fdd\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8bca\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5fc3\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u4e27\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u671f\u75c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcb\u987b\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u5165\u9662\u65f6\u7684\u300c\u5371\u6025\u5173\u5934\u300d\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u81f3\u4eb2\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u7167\u987e\u3002 References Luk JK, Chan FH, Pau MM, Yu C. Outreach geriatrics service to private old [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"class_list":["post-2156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u533b\u5b66\u4f26\u7406\u4e2a\u6848\u96c6-\u80cc\u666f\u8d44\u6599 - IOA EOL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ioa.cuhk.edu.hk.w26.ysdhost.com\/end-of-life-care\/ethics-casebook-backgrounds\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" 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\u7ed3\u8bed \u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e94\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u4fdd\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8bca\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5fc3\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u4e27\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u671f\u75c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcb\u987b\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u5165\u9662\u65f6\u7684\u300c\u5371\u6025\u5173\u5934\u300d\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u81f3\u4eb2\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u7167\u987e\u3002 References Luk JK, Chan FH, Pau MM, Yu C. 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\u4e3a\u665a\u671f\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u75c5\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5582\u9972\u7ba1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5b88\u75c5\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u548c\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u51b3\u5b9a\u5e94\u662f\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u533b\u7597\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u4fdd\u7efc\u5408\u8003\u91cf\u4e86\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u540e\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u786e\u8bca\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u969c\u788d\u75c7\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u5728\u521d\u671f\u5fc3\u667a\u4ecd\u7136\u5065\u5168\uff0c\u5e94\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8868\u8fbe\u5bf9\u7ba1\u9053\u5582\u9972\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u610f\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u75c5\u4eba\u51fa\u73b0\u75c5\u60c5\u6076\u5316\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u4e14\u4e27\u5931\u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u75c5\u4eba\u5bb6\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u6cbf\u7528\u9884\u8bbe\u7167\u987e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5bb6\u4eba\u56e0\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u65f6\u95f4\u63a5\u53d7\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u9884\u671f\u75c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u6bcb\u987b\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u5165\u9662\u65f6\u7684\u300c\u5371\u6025\u5173\u5934\u300d\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5bb6\u4eba\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u65e9\u671f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f5c\u51fa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u81f3\u4eb2\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u4ee4\u5176\u5728\u4e34\u7ec8\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u6709\u5c0a\u4e25\u7684\u7167\u987e\u3002 References Luk JK, Chan FH, Pau MM, Yu C. 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